Trabalhadores de rua e ambiente sonoro em Belém do Pará, Brasil

Street Workers and the Sound Environment in Belém do Pará, Brazil

Lobo Soares, A. C.

Bento Coelho, J. L.

Resumo

As cidades brasileiras abrigam trabalhadores que passam mais de oito horas diárias em pontos de comércio e serviços em calçadas, junto a ruas e avenidas por onde circulam muitas pessoas e veículos. Esta investigação analisa a relação entre as condições de trabalho de rua e o ambiente sonoro no trecho de 2,6 Km das Avenidas Nazaré e M. Barata, entre a Praça da República e o Mercado de São Braz, na cidade de Belém do Pará, Brasil. Os trabalhadores mais assíduos e longevos foram localizados, identificados, entrevistados e tiveram seus locais de trabalho fotografados, enquanto os níveis sonoros foram medidos com o objetivo de identificar como percebem o ruído em seu entorno. No percurso foram identificadas: bancas de revistas, jogo do bicho, lanches e refeições; carros de bombons; frutas, água de coco; castanhas do Pará, caju etc., vitaminas, óleos e ervas regionais e bicicletas adaptadas à venda de salgados e sucos. Entre prestadores de serviço, registraram-se: bancas de conserto de relógios, óculos, celulares, eletrodomésticos e sapatos além de “flanelinhas”. Foram medidos níveis sonoros (LAeq 1h) entre 70 e 77 dB ao longo do percurso, de acordo com a NBR 10151:2019, quando o Conselho Nacional de Meio Ambiente recomenda para um ambiente sonoro de qualidade, durante o dia, 55 dB(A). As entrevistas revelaram: trabalhadores com muitas horas diárias na rua e alguns com até 43 anos de permanência no mesmo local; as horas mais incomodativas, além de respostas que sugerem a presença de efeitos negativos, devido ao ruído elevado, na saúde e bem-estar destas pessoas.

Palavras-chaves:

acústica ambiental

paisagem sonora

ruído.

Abstract

Brazilian cities are home to workers who spend more than eight hours a day at points of commerce and services on sidewalks, along streets and avenues where many people and vehicles circulate. This investigation analyzes the relationship between street work conditions and the sound environment in the 2.6 km stretch of Avenidas Nazaré and M. Barata, between Praça da República and Mercado de São Braz, in the city of Belém do Pará, Brazil. The most assiduous and long-lived workers were located, identified, interviewed, and had their workplaces photographed, while sound levels were measured to identify how they perceive the noise in their surroundings. Along the way, the following were identified: newsstands, animal games; snacks and meals; candy cars; fruit, coconut water; Brazil nuts, cashews, etc., vitamins, regional oils, herbs, and bicycles adapted for the sale of snacks and juices. Among service providers, the following were registered: watch, eyewear, cell phone, appliance, and shoe repair stands, as well as “flanelinhas”. Sound pressure levels (LAeq 1h) between 70 and 77 dB were measured along the route, according to NBR 10151:2019, when the National Environmental Council recommends 55 dB for a quality sound environment during the day. The interviews revealed: that workers with many hours on the street and some with up to 43 years of staying in the same place; the most disturbing hours, in addition to responses that suggest the presence of negative effects, due to high noise, on the health and well-being of these people.

Keywords:

environmental acoustics

soundscape

noise.

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Publicado em:
01/09/2022